'Memory is simply biased, inaccurate history.' Discuss Essay

'Memory is simply biased, inaccurate history.' Discuss - Essay Example Memory denotes a distinctive and new field of study and a new method of conceptualization of the history as a generic field of inquiry (Cubitt, 2007). History is fundamentally remembered by the new generation by reading the accounts of the historians. It is not uncommon to find the pieces of literature giving completely different information from each other though they are all related to the same event. The main reason why there is so much difference between the historic accounts related to the same events is that different historians have made their accounts solely depending on their own memories. This paper discusses the statement â€Å"memory is simply biased, inaccurate history† drawing upon the elements that incorporate biasness in the memory and make its status as history inaccurate. In the recent years, the notion of memory has attained the status of a leading term in the cultural history. The notion of memory is used with varying levels of sophistication and is practic ed more than theorized. It has been used to study the memory of people that experienced such great and memorable events as the Holocaust survivors (Confino, 1997, p. 1386). In addition to that, memory has denoted past’s representation and its making into a knowledge of shared culture by the successive generations in such vehicles of memory as films, books, commemorations, and different forms and mediums of literature. The pageantry surrounding the British monarchy in the manifestations of its public ceremonies are seemingly the most ancient and related to an immemorial past. It is a product of the last two centuries in its modern form. Traditions that claim to be ancient are sometimes invented or are recently made. People who know about the colleges of the ancient British universities can visualize these traditions on a local scale (Hobsbawm, 1983, p. 1). Along with the rapid advancement of the world, the study of nationalism has also undergone a massive transformation in ter ms of scale, quantity, method, and level of sophistication (Anderson, 1983, p. xii). There is a tendency in human beings known as confirmation bias that causes them to favor the information by which their beliefs are confirmed. People make use of the confirmation bias upon collecting or remembering the information in a selective manner or while interpreting the information in a biased manner. Issues that are emotionally charged have a stronger effect as well as for the beliefs that are deeply entrenched. For instance, people generally use the sources that are in favor of their existing attitudes towards and perceptions of politics. Ambiguous evidence is also interpreted as supportive of people’s existing position. Memory, biased research, and interpretation have all been summoned to explain the polarization of behavior when different parties have the same evidence and yet they disagree with one another, perseverance of belief when it persists after the evidence has turned out to be false, illusionary correlation 0when people misunderstand the link between different events and situations, and the irrational primacy effect that refers to a greater reliance on the earlier encountered information in a series. During the 1960s, a series of experiments showed how biased people are toward supporting their current beliefs. Results of these researches were re-interpreted later as a tendency to evaluate the concepts in a one-sided

Industry Solutions and Services Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Industry Solutions and Services - Assignment Example The report concentrates on the factors that enable the development of products and services in a customer oriented manner. The organizational structure depends on the product and services the company develops and offers. This affects the working of functional divisions of the organization. To manufacture the customized products and services ZBZ Company should have a separate unit additional to that of production unit for installation purposes of the hardware the company produces. In the previous context the company used to manufacture and market the products for a large customer base and the installation process used to be done by distributors or assemblers of the hardware into a computer. Now this is not the case and the comp [any needs a separate division in marketing and sales department for the purpose of discussing the needs of the customers. The findings of the department should be conveyed to the production and installation departments for enabling the development of customized products. The work of the scheduling department previously used to be about the planning of production, distribution and marketing. Now the scheduling department can be assigned the work of appointments with the industry leaders to discuss about the customization of the products and to convey the results to the production department. The involvement of production department managers in the discussions of the customization processes with the customers also should be a duty of scheduling department. Previously the scheduling department was not supposed to interact with the customers but now it is inevitable. The customization of the product will decide the internal time variances in the production and marketing activities. The functional divisions of the organization have the responsibilities of marketing function making the production accountable for standards and variances. The responsibility of quality control now will be increased and this division needs much rapport with the production division to avoid the lapses in customized products. This needs the revision of traditional structures in the org anization. The organizational structure in the customized products manufacturing will receive information in the following manner. The marketing division will pass information about the customer requirements to manufacturing division and that division will pass them on to the design division, planning and cost estimation divisions. The design, planning and cost estimating divisions can coordinate their activities with manufacturing or production division to know the feasibility of the project and the priorities of the customers. After this the feedback will sent to marketing division and in turn the information is sent to customers. This sharing of information can be enabled by the scheduling department. This sharing of information from customer to all the crucial departments in the organization will achieve near zero defect in the quality. In the previous structure of the company standards are guiding forces for performing, monitoring and controlling all the activities of the compa ny. In the course of manufacturing customized products, the Quality Zero Defect, Maintenance Zero Breakdown, Materials Zero Inventory, Business Processes Zero